What can be inferred from this headline that an IT trade publication recently ran about a study conducted by Microsoft and Indiana University: “SaaS Apps May Leak Data Even When Encrypted, Study Says”?

1. There was a study conducted on SaaS apps leaking data.
2. The study stated that SaaS apps leak data.
3. The study says SaaS apps do not sufficiently protect data.                      
4. A combination of options one, two and three.
5. The study primarily pinpointed security threats to misconfigured Web applications depending on data they process.